Hamouda, M., Ebrahim, M., Atwa, S., Awad, D., El-Zayady, W., Saleh, N. (2024). A looming shadow: Impact of parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A comprehensive review. Parasitologists United Journal, 17(2), 74-83. doi: 10.21608/puj.2024.301795.1255
Marwa Hamouda; Mohamed Ebrahim; Sara Atwa; Dina Awad; Wafaa El-Zayady; Nora Saleh. "A looming shadow: Impact of parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A comprehensive review". Parasitologists United Journal, 17, 2, 2024, 74-83. doi: 10.21608/puj.2024.301795.1255
Hamouda, M., Ebrahim, M., Atwa, S., Awad, D., El-Zayady, W., Saleh, N. (2024). 'A looming shadow: Impact of parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A comprehensive review', Parasitologists United Journal, 17(2), pp. 74-83. doi: 10.21608/puj.2024.301795.1255
Hamouda, M., Ebrahim, M., Atwa, S., Awad, D., El-Zayady, W., Saleh, N. A looming shadow: Impact of parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A comprehensive review. Parasitologists United Journal, 2024; 17(2): 74-83. doi: 10.21608/puj.2024.301795.1255
A looming shadow: Impact of parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A comprehensive review
1Departments of Medical Parasitology ,Faculties of Medicine,Mansoura, Egypt
2Departments of Medical Oncology , Faculties of Medicine,Mansoura, Egypt
3Departments of Medical Parasitology,Faculties of Medicine, Mansoura,Egypt
4Departments of Medical Parasitology, Faculties of Medicine, Mansoura , and New Mansoura Universities, Egypt
Abstract
Parasitic infections have a significant impact on recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), posing considerable risks of morbidity and mortality. They cause a diverse array of clinical syndromes, ranging from asymptomatic to severe disseminated disease. The incidence and range of parasitic infections vary according to geographic region, transplant type, conditioning regimen (the high dose of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to suppressive bone marrow), and immunosuppressive therapy. Early recognition of parasitic infections in HSCT recipients is challenging due to possible nonspecific clinical manifestations and overlapping symptoms with other infectious, and non-infectious complications. This calls for a high index of suspicion and a systematic diagnostic approach for timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Current diagnostic methods, such as microscopy, serological assays, molecular tests, and imaging studies, have limitations in sensitivity and specificity, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic tools. Treatment requires a specific approach based on the pathogen, clinical syndrome, immune status and transplant-related factors, often involving antiparasitic agents combined with supportive care. Despite advances, gaps remain in optimizing management, necessitating further research into diagnostic technologies, host-pathogen interactions, treatment strategies, and preventive measures. A multidisciplinary approach leveraging emerging technologies is essential for improving outcomes in HSCT recipients with parasitic infections. This review discusses broadly the clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and preventive measures for parasitic infections in HSCT recipients.
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